Diabetes Mellitus, or diabetes, is a lifelong condition affecting millions. Different forms of this disease include Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes. Causes and treatment vary depending upon the type in question.
Normally, the body converts food into glucose, using it for energy within the cells. Insulin allows the glucose to enter the cells. In diabetes, the body either stops producing insulin or is unable to use it. Glucose builds up in the body and is excreted in the urine and blood sugar levels skyrocket.
Type 1 diabetes, or juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disorder in which the body destroys its own pancreatic, insulin-producing cells. People must then receive daily insulin injections to stay alive. Type 1 diabetes most often occurs in children with a rapid onset of symptoms including increased thirst, blurred vision, fatigue and frequent urination. Left untreated, diabetic coma may occur, which can be fatal.
Type 2 diabetes is more common, appearing primarily in overweight adults though it is being increasingly diagnosed in children. In this type, cells develop insulin resistance and are unable to respond to insulin. This causes the same problems as in Type 1 diabetes. Symptoms are similar but gradual in onset. Treatments include prescriptions, controlling disease through proper diet and, oftentimes, losing weight.
Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy in a small percentage of women. It normally disappears following delivery, though it is a risk factor for later development of diabetes. Treatment is restricted to diet and exercise modifications due to concern for the fetus.
Diabetes is an incurable disease affecting many people. There are different types of diabetes and treatment options depend on the type being treated. Though diabetes cannot be cured, it can be managed with medication, diet and exercise changes, and monitoring by your doctor.
